3/25/2023 0 Comments Chronosync parameter error![]() In other words, the S-parameters you measure are not the true S-parameters, leading to problems with causality. This leads to errors in the measurement that are unavoidable. ![]() When measuring S-parameters, every measurement will be bandlimited and discretely sampled. Let’s look at exactly how errors in S-parameter measurements propagate into Z-parameter measurements in a simple case to gain some intuition, then I’ll discuss general N-port PDNs and how errors in the S-parameter matrix create errors in the impedance matrix. ![]() Network parameters can be used to characterize the PDN and determine its impedance, but the use of S-parameters requires the use of the appropriate reference (port) impedance for an accurate PDN impedance calculation. Low PDN impedance leads to low voltage disturbances measured between power rails for a given transient current draw. In PDN design, particularly for high speed digital components, we care about designing to a low PDN impedance. This should make sense intuitively simply from a power flow perspective: Kurokawa’s original formulation of S-parameters was in terms of power carried by a signal, so why not use this for power integrity? These parameters are normally reserved for signal integrity among electronics engineers, but if you look hard enough, you’ll find that S-parameters are also used for power integrity. No matter where you look, it seems S-parameters never go away! They are mandatory tools for understanding some systems, such as an interconnect or antenna, while other network parameters can sometimes give a better conceptual understanding of electrical behavior.
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